“goat demons.” Demons have associated themselves with goats and appeared as goats or goat men from very ancient times, and biblically, unbelievers are referred to as “goats” (Matt. 25:33). The ancient peoples understood there were many types of demons. Psalm 106:37 mentions demons that were associated with human sacrifice.

[For more on Azazel and goat demons, see commentaries on Lev. 16:8 and Isa. 14:9.]